{"id":218,"date":"2018-04-28T19:37:13","date_gmt":"2018-04-28T17:37:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nubenegra.com\/blog\/?p=218"},"modified":"2018-08-29T17:26:54","modified_gmt":"2018-08-29T15:26:54","slug":"mariem-hassan-tirka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nubenegra.com\/blog\/2018\/04\/mariem-hassan-tirka\/","title":{"rendered":"Mariem Hassan &#8211; &#8220;Tirka&#8221;"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"525\" height=\"296\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/H-T6nncOVm8?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=es-ES&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Mariem siempre estaba atenta a mis sugerencias. Una de ellas fue el significado particular que ten\u00edan algunas palabras en hasan\u00eda. Me lo contaba y yo le daba forma. Como hoy subimos a promonubenegra en Youtube el clip \u201cTirka\u201d, presente en el DVD que acompa\u00f1a \u201cLa voz ind\u00f3mita\u201d, escojo estas tres palabras que de alg\u00fan modo est\u00e1n relacionadas con el v\u00eddeo, grabado en 2008 en la jaima familiar de Smara: Ejlaga, Rahal y Tirka. Mariem escribi\u00f3 \u00e9stas. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">\u00a1Que lo disfrut\u00e9is!<\/span><\/span><br \/>\n<!--more--><br \/>\n<span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>EJLAGA \/\/ NACIMIENTO \/\/ BIRTH<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Cuando nace el ni\u00f1o, no es como cuando nace la ni\u00f1a, pues se considera que el segundo hombre en la familia ser\u00e1 como el segundo padre de ella. El que se ocupe de ella, cuando el padre falte. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">El primer parto de una mujer deb\u00eda ser en la jaima de sus padres. A los 6 d\u00edas de nacimiento del ni\u00f1o, el d\u00eda antes del bautizo, se hace una fiesta y se re\u00fanen las dos familias de los padres, la paterna y la materna.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Cuando es un chico normalmente se sacrifica una camella. Se da prioridad al abuelo por parte del padre y tiene la opci\u00f3n de elegir un nombre. Lo habitual es que corresponda al de un miembro destacado de las dos familias o del frig (campamento). <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Tambi\u00e9n se le da la oportunidad a la familia de la madre para elegir otros 6 nombres y realizar un sorteo con los 7 nombres posibles. As\u00ed, m\u00e1s o menos: la madre del reci\u00e9n nacido cierra los ojos mientras escogen 7 pulseras o 7 palos, cada cual con el uno de los nombres, y se sumergen en una gadha (bol de madera) llena de leche. La madre abre los ojos, mete la mano y elige una pulsera que dar\u00e1 nombre al ni\u00f1o. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">El ritual cada vez se usa menos. Al ni\u00f1o se le suele poner el nombre que elige el abuelo paterno. Aqu\u00e9l de quien se pone el nombre al ni\u00f1o, tiene que traerle un regalo, preferiblemente un camello o un caballo. Si es alguien fallecido, trae el regalo su familia.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">El bautizo es una fiesta familiar sin intervenci\u00f3n del clero musulm\u00e1n. Nosotros no tenemos la figura de los padrinos. Si un d\u00eda al ni\u00f1o le faltan sus padres, la familia se hace cargo de \u00e9l.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Mis cinco hijos llevan los nombres as\u00ed. Ahmed, de alguien de la familia paterna. Mohamed Salem, de un hermano m\u00edo muerto en la guerra. Fatimetu, de una t\u00eda suya. Nina, de una amiga m\u00eda. Y Agaila, de una sobrina m\u00eda.<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h6>ENGLISH<\/h6>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">When a girl is born, her oldest brother will be considered the second man in the family and the second father. The oldest brother will be the one to look after the family when the father is missing. <\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Another tradition is that the first birth of a woman must be in the tent of her parents. After 6 days of birth of the child, the day before the baptism, there is a party and the two families meet the parents, paternal and maternal. <\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">When the child is a boy, the families usually eat camel. The priority of choosing a name to the child is given to the grandfather by the father\u2019s side. He tries to choose an appropriate name based on a leading member of the two families or frig (camp). <\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">It also gives the opportunity to the family of the mother to choose other 6 names and make a drawing with seven possible names. Thus, the mother of the newborn baby closes her eyes and has to choose one item among 7 bracelets or 7 sticks, each with a name and immersed in a gadha (wooden bowl) filled with milk. <\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">This ritual is not common anymore and the newborn baby\u2019s name is usually chosen by the paternal grandfather. The person of whom the grandfather has chosen his grandson&#8217;s name, must be rewarded with a gift, preferably a camel or a horse. If aforementioned person died, one must bring a gift to his\/her family. <\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Baptism is only a family party without Muslim clergy intervention. We haven\u2019t godfather figure. If one day the child is missing his\/her parents, the child\u2019s family is responsible to take care of him. My five children are named in this way. Ahmed is from someone called Ahmed from his paternal family, Mohamed Salem is from one of my brothers, Fatimetu comes from an aunt\u2019s name, Nina from a friend of mine and Agaila a niece of mine.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>RAHAL \/\/ N\u00d3MADA \/\/ NOMAD<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Mi familia era n\u00f3mada. Ten\u00edamos varias jaimas alineadas. Los hermanos cuando se casaban levantaban una jaima para la nueva familia. Yo no nac\u00ed en un hospital. Nac\u00ed en una jaima en el desierto del Sahara. Mi madre no estaba en la cama sino que dio a luz como se hac\u00eda en el desierto: de pi\u00e9 con las manos en alto, agarrando una cuerda que ven\u00eda de arriba y haciendo as\u00ed fuerza para echarme fuera. \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Cambi\u00e1bamos habitualmente el frig, el campamento. Form\u00e1bamos una caravana y nos mov\u00edamos cuando las condiciones cambiaban o seg\u00fan el tiempo que hac\u00eda o el agua que ten\u00edamos. A veces cambi\u00e1bamos el sitio a diario; otras, pas\u00e1bamos un mes en el mismo lugar. En verano lleg\u00e1bamos a estar tres meses sin movernos. Pero en invierno nos mov\u00edamos mucho en busca de hierba para los animales.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">La mayor parte del tiempo la pas\u00e9 en los alrededores de Smara y Hausa, en el norte. Pero viv\u00ed tambi\u00e9n un a\u00f1o en El Aai\u00fan y tambi\u00e9n en Echderia y Mahbes. Depend\u00eda de d\u00f3nde estuvieran destinados mis tres hermanos. Cuando los cambiaban de ciudad a veces nosotros los segu\u00edamos con las jaimas y con el ganado, pero no siempre. En el 74 empezamos a vender los camellos y las cabras porque no quedaban pastores para cuidarlos.<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h6>English<\/h6>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>My family was nomadic. We lived amongst a many tents organized together. Whenever one of my brothers got married, they\u2019d raise another tent for the new family. I wasn\u2019t born in a hospital; I was born in a tent in the Sahara desert. My mother wasn\u2019t in a bed, rather she gave birth like one does in the desert: standing up with her hands in the air holding onto a rope that extended down from the top of the tent pushing to bring me into the world.<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>We regularly changed frig (our camp). We travelled in caravan and we moved depending on the conditions of the winds, the temperature or whether or not we had water. Sometimes we moved everyday other times we spend more than a month in one place. In the summertime we are usually stayed like three months in one place. But, in winter we had to move often to find vegetation for the animals.<\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><i>Most of my childhood we spent in the area around Smara and Hausa, which are in the north. But I also lived for a year in El Aai\u00fan and also in Echderia and Mahbes. I usually moved where my three older brothers were assigned too, from one region to another we\u2019d follow them with our tents and our herd, but not always. In 1974 we had to start selling off the camels and the goats because there weren\u2019t many more herdsmen to take care of them<span style=\"color: #0a0a16;\">.<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>TIRKA \/\/ HIJOS \/\/ CHILDREN<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Mis cinco hijos. El mayor estuvo dos a\u00f1os estudiando en Tr\u00edpoli pero cogi\u00f3 una tuberculosis de huesos. Por entonces su padre era primer secretario de la embajada en Cuba y le mand\u00f3 un billete para que all\u00ed curaran su enfermedad y siguiera estudiando. Mis ni\u00f1as estuvieron estudiando en Argelia. Cuando se sacaron el pasaporte argelino los funcionarios intercambiaron sus fotos. Y Nina es Fatimetu y Fatimetu es Nina.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>El hijo mayor de Bachir (el cuarto) cuando ten\u00eda seis meses cogi\u00f3 una enfermedad de par\u00e1sitos del intestino (cel\u00edaco) y no pod\u00eda que tomar gluten sino cosas especiales. Yo sufr\u00eda mucho con \u00e9l; ven\u00eda conmigo en los viajes y estaba siempre enfermo. En Canarias estuvo tres meses en el hospital y tres meses despu\u00e9s fuera. En el 91 vine a Espa\u00f1a. En Barcelona estuvo tres meses en el hospital. Por las noches para que durmiera yo las pasaba sentada en una silla con \u00e9l en brazos. Luego estuvo un a\u00f1o con unas monjas porque no pod\u00eda estar en los campamentos. En 1994, Bachir, su padre, estuvo con \u00e9l en Or\u00e1n seis meses para que lo curaran, pero como no mejoraba unas enfermeras lo trajeron de nuevo a Espa\u00f1a. Estuvo con una familia en Le\u00f3n hasta que en 1997 otra famila, esta vez de Granada, se hizo cargo de \u00e9l. Siempre que ven\u00eda de gira iba a verlo. Casi toda su vida la ha pasado en Espa\u00f1a. A \u00e9l le he dedicado mi canci\u00f3n Salem.<\/p>\n<p>Agaila, mi ni\u00f1a peque\u00f1a, lleg\u00f3 a Espa\u00f1a en 2003. Saca buenas notas y ahora ella me ayuda con las palabras que yo no s\u00e9 decir bien. Ella no olvida el hasan\u00eda ni nuestras tradiciones, por ejemplo nunca ve novelas o pel\u00edculas con escenas de amor delante de su pap\u00e1. Estudia para enfermera.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h6>ENGLISH<\/h6>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">The oldest of my five children was two years studying in Tripoli when he contracted bone tuberculosis. At that time his father was the First Secretary at the embassy in Cuba and he sent a plane ticket for our son to be treated in Cuba and to continue his studies. <\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Two of my daughters were studying in Algeria. When they got their Algerian passports the official in charge accidentally switched their photos; so officially Nina is Fatimetou and Fatimetou is Nina.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><em><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">My fourth child, got a parasitical infection when he was only six months old. He had to take many medications. As a celiac child he was always sick. I have struggled very much with him. When we were in the Canary Islands he was in the hospital for 3 months. He came to Spain in 1991 and was in the hospital in Barcelona for 3 months. Just so that he would sleep I had to sit with him cradled in my arms all through the night. Later he spent a year in a church with nuns because he was too weak to live in the refugee camps with us. I tried again and again to have him with me at the camps. In 1994 Bachir, his father, spent six months in Oran with him to cure him, but his sickness always got worse. Some nurses brought him again to Spain to live with a family in Le\u00f3n. Here he stayed until 1997 and then another family in Granda took care him. Whenever I was on tour in Spain I visited him. He has spent almost his entire life in Spain. I dedicated the song Salem to him.<\/span><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><em>Agaila, my youngest daughter came to Spain in 2003. She did very well in school and she helps me improve my Spanish. She doesn\u2019t forget her Hassania, our language, nor our traditions. For instance she would never read a romantic book or watch a movie with love scenes in front of her father. She studies for nurse.<\/em><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mariem siempre estaba atenta a mis sugerencias. Una de ellas fue el significado particular que ten\u00edan algunas palabras en hasan\u00eda. Me lo contaba y yo le daba forma. Como hoy subimos a promonubenegra en Youtube el clip \u201cTirka\u201d, presente en el DVD que acompa\u00f1a \u201cLa voz ind\u00f3mita\u201d, escojo estas tres palabras que de alg\u00fan modo &hellip; <\/p>\n<p class=\"link-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/nubenegra.com\/blog\/2018\/04\/mariem-hassan-tirka\/\" class=\"more-link\">Continuar leyendo<span class=\"screen-reader-text\"> &#8220;Mariem Hassan &#8211; &#8220;Tirka&#8221;&#8221;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[28,14,4,25,52],"tags":[9,5,48,7,8,50,10],"class_list":["post-218","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-africa","category-el-legado-de-nubenegra","category-mariem-hassan","category-saharauis","category-video","tag-haul-music","tag-la-voz-indomita","tag-music-video","tag-saharauis","tag-the-indomitable-voice","tag-video-clip","tag-world-music"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p9ibFM-3w","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nubenegra.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/218","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nubenegra.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nubenegra.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nubenegra.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nubenegra.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=218"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/nubenegra.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/218\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":221,"href":"https:\/\/nubenegra.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/218\/revisions\/221"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nubenegra.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=218"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nubenegra.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=218"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nubenegra.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=218"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}